5G, the hottest Internet topic fr哥她om 2019 to date, is 舊快the ultimate goal of hi錢票gh-tech companies in various coun輛腦tries from the perspective of scien行河tific research. From t他也he perspective of life,就還 it is the expectation 美兵of people all over the world.

He can change lives and change markets呢得. At present, there are not many c對刀ountries in the world with就和 5G core technology, and ever話廠yone is busy with how to deploy 訊空5G faster and more efficientl短讀y.

From the current situation, 5G is 多錢very close to our lives. It 山們is estimated that from the end 東區of this year to the beginning of 現民21 years, full and formal樹慢 5G commercial use will be realize議通d.

So, what are the basic elements 購舞that enterprises need to understand 作家to accelerate the de新話ployment of 5G? Anwei Wireless (www.aw1裡新68.cn) combined its own 5G experience 睡答and summed up seven elem技那ents, then please see那西 below

1. Network density a刀城nd small base stations

5G users will need more cellular base s頻科tations to substantia拍腦lly expand network capa煙物city and support the growth of data 那吧traffic. This has prompted m好市obile network operators (M電低NOs) to rush to adopt small base sta秒討tions (small low-power 事又base stations installed in buildings,下在 lampposts, etc.) in densely popula女是ted urban areas to increase networ術大k density. These small base s火老tations will help MNO satisfy u就慢sers' thirst for larg自國e amounts of data and照喝 improve service quality.

2. Spectrum collectio她醫n

5G requires a lot of bandwi雪知dth. Larger bandwidth allows習服 operators to increas秒現e capacity and increase 如身data rates, allowing users to down得銀load large files faster在船 and obtain high-reso光購lution jitter-free strea書海ming media. The design of the 媽員physical layer and higher市煙 layers is independent公街 of frequency, but separate rad唱亮io performance requiremen腦微ts are established for each layer. Th民知e lower frequency range (FR1她機) is also called sub-7GHz, which這相 is the 410-7,125MHz frequency band; t樂看he higher frequency ra我生nge (FR2) is also call雪房ed millimeter wave (mmWav窗技e), and the range is 24.25-52.6GHz哥煙.

In order to obtain th劇紅e bandwidth in FR1 and城輛 FR2, more spectrum must be allocated老見. Currently, regulatory問紅 agencies in about 40 countries and 志長regions have allocated new frequencie南道s and realized the re-alloc關嗎ation of LTE spectrum, however, this is美鐵 far from enough. According 工和to GSA data, 54 countries plan to alloc輛冷ate more spectrum from 湖到now to the end of 2022 to s線照olve at least part of the problem as m錯微uch as possible.

3. The evolution of 4G to 5G netwo資呢rks

The 5G Radio Access Ne山視twork (RAN) is designed to work wit物這h existing 4GLTE networ飛器ks. 3GPP allows multiple ne門員w radio (NR) deploymen頻黃t options. Therefore, a飛弟s shown in the figur月白e below, MNOs can migrate to 5多女G more easily by changing from non-i坐草ndependent (NSA) to independent劇筆 (SA) networking.

4. Dynamic spectrum sharing

Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS)拍學 is a new technology錢不 that can further help achieve a sm木上ooth migration from 4G to 5聽明G. With DSS, operators can allow 4G 銀草and 5G users to share the sam線有e spectrum without having to de懂爸dicate each part of the spe雨冷ctrum to 4G or 5G. This means t刀場hat operators can use th雨看eir networks more effic你是iently and allocate 裡金capacity based on user ne姐很eds to optimize user experience. Ther友慢efore, as the number of 5G users 空我increases, the network can科畫 dynamically allocat男市e more capacity for each user 森謝in the total capacity.

5. Millimeter wave (mm事樂Wave)

5G networks can use the millim作美eter-wave FR2 spectrum to pr關謝ovide the highest data rate, in whic訊兒h a wide range of bandwidth ca算相n be used. Millimeter wave is n什花ow a reality: 5G networks are usin農火g it for FWA and mobile devic數舞es, and will be used in o我謝ther use cases in the future. Wi為匠th the expansion of 5訊男G network deployment and the體技 emergence of home appl校讀iances, operators are expected 醫船to extend FWA to more homes.器雪

6. Massive MIMO

MIMO (Multiple Input Mu河鐵ltiple Output) improves data speed 要計and network capacity by usin長器g multiple antennas to transmit multi文舞ple data streams with the關是 same bandwidth. Many LTE base stat明妹ions today already use up to 8 ant愛術ennas to transmit data自門, but 5G introduces massive信低 MIMO, which uses 32 or睡光 64 antennas, and eve刀站n more in the future. Massive雜拍 MIMO millimeter waves are年秒 particularly important bec湖請ause multiple antenn請請as concentrate the transmission and re唱在ception of signals to in樹區crease the data rate and compensate f計雪or the propagation loss at hi照湖gh frequencies. This greatly improv熱筆es throughput and energy efficiency.外和

7. RFFE innovation boosts 5G

The true realization of the 5G visio事學n requires the participation of inn計到ovative radio frequency front紙作-end (RFFE) technology. As 通答mobile phones, base s樂雨tations and other devices bec物高ome more fashionable and compact, RFFE爸書 will need to achieve m現大ore powerful perform子黑ance in less space while improv知媽ing energy efficiency. Some RF 朋機technologies are key to ac開站hieving 5G goals; they include:

Gallium nitride (GaN). 商樹GaN is very suitable for high-power t什得ransistors that can work a得嗎t high temperatures. The potential of G議件aNPA in 5G has just begun to be realize和作d. Its high radio frequenc好水y power, low DC power consumptio一為n, small size and high reliability件雪 enable equipment manufacturers to man暗能ufacture smaller and lighter base s多習tations. With GaNPA, operators can兵資 meet the high-efficiency omnidir著日ectional radiated power (EIRP) 議兵output specifications of 刀子millimeter wave transmission 知來with fewer antenna array units and lo遠風wer power consumption. This mak有城es the system lighte白吃r and less expensive to instal女很l.

BAW filter. The number of frequency ba少去nds and carrier aggregation (C著算A) combinations used by 雪靜5G has increased signific機快antly, and it needs to coexist wit看市h many other wireless stand舞舞ards, which means that h可麗igh-performance filt但見ers are essential to avo紅鐵id interference. Surface Acoustic 白遠Wave (SAW) and Bulk Aco藍技ustic Wave (BAW) filters occ新了upy a small area, have excellent perf師兵ormance and are afforda房器ble, and are the main fil放影ter types used in 5G mobile devices.